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Clara Zetkin.

«(...) as a person, a woman and a wife, the woman has no less likely to develop their individuality. For his work as a woman and mother she has only the crumbs that capitalist production dropped to the ground "

Clara Zetkin (1857-1933) was the leader of German Social Democratic Party and organizer its women's section. He founded the newspaper "Equality", which was transformed by 25 years in one of the most important channels for expression of socialist women of her time. He fought against the leadership of his party when it sided with the imperialist bourgeoisie during the First World War, and was expelled from the party. Then it would be one of the founders of the group "Spartacus" and the German Communist Party, which would be deputy from 1920 until the arrival of the Nazis, which led him into exile in the Soviet Union, where he died shortly afterwards.

Clara Zetkin was one of the European Socialists, on the eve of the last century, proposed to establish a day in tribute to the women workers who had given their lives to demand better working conditions. That was in 1910 during the Second International Socialist Women, held in Copenhagen. At the Second International Socialist Women was attended by more than one hundred delegates from 17 countries. Among them was Clara Zetkin and Kathy Duncker representing the German Social Democratic Party, who presented the proposal to designate an international day of women.

Clara Zetkin and Rosa Luxemburg in 1910

The reasons for such a proposal were evident for women socialists. During the years before 1910, many strikes took place as workers and workers in the United States and Europe. In 1908, for example, 40,000 seamstresses large U.S. industrial factories had gone on strike demanding the right to join unions, higher wages, less working time, vocational training and the rejection of child labor.

Clara Zetkin had the vision to understand, along with other women, as the Russian Alexandra Kollontai , how important it was to boost the demand for justice and equality for women workers. Moreover, the organization of the March 8 every year by the socialist women around the world, served a fundamental claim: the right to vote, without which any demand is becoming almost impossible. In fact, many of the first signs of International Women's Day, the main demand was the right to vote. Today, in 2008, it is still remembered.

Clara Zetkin was born on July 5, 1857 in Wiederau (Saxony, Germany), the daughter of a rural teacher. He studied teaching in Leipzig, between 19 and 21 years, when she contacted the students and Russian emigrants. They began in socialist ideas, and also where he met Ossip Zetkin, a Russian who would be her future husband. In 1878 he began his unofficial membership in the Social Democratic Party, but because of the harassment that the imperialist and bourgeois regime of Otto von Bismark organazación exercised over this, did not become a member. Shortly after the German Social Democratic Party was banned and persecuted by Bismark in Germany, with its leaders into exile from his country.

Clara and Ossip Zetkin settled in Austria, then in Zurich (a major center for socialist ideas with people migrated from different countries for the persecution they were subjected, for example there met Clara Louise Michel and Jenny Marx) and later in Paris. They never married, despite which she adopted the surname of her husband and have two children. They were very happy until Ossip died of tuberculosis in 1889.

After the death her husband, Clara decided to return to Germany and continue the fight there. Between 1889-1890 there is a boom in the labor movement is reflected in the creation of socialist parties in different countries and establishing a Workers' International Association, better known as the Second International, founded in Paris in 1889, for which preparatory work and Clara Zetkin foundationalist contributed. Between 1891 and 1917, Zetkin was in charge of Die Gleichheit (Equality), a leading journal, which once had 125 000 subscribers, and that since 1907 would be the official organ of the Socialist International Women.

socialist leaders meet during the Congress in Zurich in 1893. Clara Zetkin
is third from left, beside the Friedrich Engels and at the bottom of the table Bebe l August

In 1893 participated in the Third Congress of the Second International in Zurich. In 1898, Clara Zetkin and Rosa Luxemburg were found in the Social Democratic Party Congress in Stuttgart and one year following return to work together in Hannover. From then until the outbreak of the First World War, Clara will participate in all the congresses of the Second International. She was raised as a fundamental objective the organization of social democratic women's movement.

In their struggle against the war, appealed to socialist women to vigorously oppose a war only benefited the middle class male, clerical and operator, and called for an international conference socialist women (the third one called) that took place in the city of Bern (Switzerland) between 26 and 28 March 1915, bringing together 70 delegates from eight European countries. At that conference, condemned the imperialist war with the slogan "War on War." For this he was imprisoned from July 23 until 12 October this year, after which he could not actively involved in this fight. The following year, 1916, is prohibited from public speaking and the German Social Democratic Party rule. In

fighting for the rights of women, Clara had previously convened two international conferences on socialist women, one in 1907 (Stuttgart) and another in 1910 (Copenhagen), which had ruled for the right to vote for women The struggle for the maintenance of peace, against the high cost of living and social and medical insurance for women and children.

In September 1915, while Clara and her friend Rosa Luxembourg were in prison, took place Zimmerwald Conference (a major conference of Socialist leaders who opposed the war), in which two women were honored for their relentless struggle for the cause of peace.

Once out of jail, and given the bleak outlook for the anti-capitalist left, Clara along with other dissidents opposed to the war as Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht founded the Spartacus League, and as anti-revolutionary group, whose name refers to the legendary leader of the slave revolt against the Roman Empire in the first century BC Its members would be called espartakistas, and would be the direct antecedent of the German Communist Party, whose first address was part of Clara Zetkin.

The workers' revolution broke out in Germany in 1918 and is led by the Red Army. The break with the Socialists espartakistas independent and together with "radical" left are the 30-31 December the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Finally, the revolution is beaten and cruelly repressed, being killed several leaders including Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht. This mark prifundamente Clara, getting stronger if anything its determination in favor of the anti-capitalist and anti-reform.

In 1920, when Clara is now 63 years old, was elected deputy for the Communist Party. In the same year was also elected President of the International Socialist Women, and first visited the Union Soviet. Maintain its position in the Reichstag until 1933, as a parliamentary tireless fighter, and his interventions were always admired, especially when in 1932 he strongly opposed the capitalist ideology, antigualitaria and Adolf Hitler's racist.

Clara went into exile in the Soviet Union in 1933 when Hitler took power, like so many other colleagues. It was a great friend of Lenin, and in this country received a warm welcome, being already sick which certainly was a balm after so much hostility and persecution at home. In the USSR was named president of the International Board of Women and shortly after that fact, the June 20, 1933, died in a Arjangélskaia sanatorium near Moscow. He was 76. His body was buried in the walls of the Kremlin.

Clara Zetkin was a precursor of feminism, tireless in her struggle for peace in the world. Women and men today Socialists owe much to his courage, intelligence and courage.

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